Notification-Analytics und Performance-Optimierung: A/B-Tests, Metriken und Tuning im großen Maßstab

interface NotificationAnalytics {
  // Layer 1: Zustellungsgrundlagen
  delivery: {
    sent: number;
    delivered: number;
    failed: number;
    bounced: number;
    deliveryRate: number;
    avgDeliveryTime: number;
  };
  
  // Layer 2: Benutzer-Engagement
  engagement: {
    opened: number;
    clicked: number;
    dismissed: number;
    actioned: number; // Benutzer führte beabsichtigte Aktion aus
    openRate: number;
    clickThroughRate: number;
    conversionRate: number; // Aktionsabschlussrate
  };
  
  // Layer 3: Geschäftsauswirkung
  businessImpact: {
    revenueGenerated: number;
    userRetention: number;
    featureAdoption: number;
    supportTicketReduction: number;
    userLifetimeValue: number;
  };
  
  // Layer 4: Systemleistung
  performance: {
    processingLatency: number;
    queueDepth: number;
    resourceUtilization: number;
    costPerNotification: number;
    errorRates: Record<string, number>;
  };
}

class NotificationAnalyticsEngine {
  private eventStore: EventStore;
  private metricsAggregator: MetricsAggregator;
  private cohortAnalyzer: CohortAnalyzer;

  async trackNotificationEvent(event: NotificationAnalyticsEvent): Promise<void> {
    // Raw Event speichern
    await this.eventStore.store(event);
    
    // Echtzeit-Aggregation für Dashboards
    await this.metricsAggregator.update(event);
    
    // Kohortenanalyse für tiefere Einblicke
    if (event.type === 'user_action') {
      await this.cohortAnalyzer.processUserAction(event);
    }
    
    // Anomalieerkennung auslösen
    await this.checkForAnomalies(event);
  }

  async generateInsights(
    dateRange: DateRange,
    segmentBy?: string[]
  ): Promise<NotificationInsights> {
    const baseMetrics = await this.getBaseMetrics(dateRange);
    const segmentedAnalysis = segmentBy ? 
      await this.getSegmentedAnalysis(dateRange, segmentBy) : null;
    
    const insights: NotificationInsights = {
      summary: baseMetrics,
      segments: segmentedAnalysis,
      trends: await this.getTrendAnalysis(dateRange),
      anomalies: await this.getAnomalies(dateRange),
      recommendations: await this.generateRecommendations(baseMetrics)
    };
    
    return insights;
  }

  private async generateRecommendations(
    metrics: NotificationMetrics
  ): Promise<OptimizationRecommendation[]> {
    const recommendations: OptimizationRecommendation[] = [];
    
    // Zustellungsoptimierung
    if (metrics.delivery.deliveryRate &lt;0.95) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'delivery',
        priority: 'high',
        description: 'Niedrige Zustellungsrate erkannt',
        suggestedActions: [
          'E-Mail-Authentifizierungseinstellungen überprüfen',
          'Absender-Reputation prüfen',
          'Unterdrückungsliste auditieren'
        ],
        expectedImpact: 'Zustellungsrate um 5-10% erhöhen'
      });
    }
    
    // Engagement-Optimierung
    if (metrics.engagement.openRate &lt;0.20) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'engagement', 
        priority: 'medium',
        description: 'Unterdurchschnittliche Öffnungsrate',
        suggestedActions: [
          'Betreffzeilen A/B-testen',
          'Versandzeitoptimierung überprüfen',
          'Absendername-Einfluss analysieren'
        ],
        expectedImpact: 'Potentielle 15-25% Verbesserung der Öffnungsrate'
      });
    }
    
    // Performance-Optimierung
    if (metrics.performance.avgLatency > 5000) {
      recommendations.push({
        type: 'performance',
        priority: 'high', 
        description: 'Hohe Verarbeitungslatenz',
        suggestedActions: [
          'Template-Rendering-Performance überprüfen',
          'Datenbankabfragen optimieren',
          'Implementierung einer Caching-Schicht erwägen'
        ],
        expectedImpact: 'Latenz um 40-60% reduzieren'
      });
    }
    
    return recommendations;
  }
}

interface UserNotificationJourney {
  userId: string;
  journeyType: string; // 'onboarding', 'feature_adoption', 'retention'
  startedAt: Date;
  currentStep: number;
  totalSteps: number;
  events: NotificationJourneyEvent[];
  outcome?: JourneyOutcome;
  dropOffReason?: string;
}

class NotificationJourneyTracker {
  async trackJourneyEvent(
    userId: string,
    journeyType: string,
    event: NotificationJourneyEvent
  ): Promise<void> {
    const journey = await this.getOrCreateJourney(userId, journeyType);
    
    journey.events.push({
      ...event,
      timestamp: new Date(),
      stepNumber: journey.currentStep
    });
    
    // Journey-Status basierend auf Event aktualisieren
    await this.updateJourneyState(journey, event);
    
    // Auf Journey-Abschluss oder Abbruch prüfen
    await this.evaluateJourneyStatus(journey);
    
    await this.saveJourney(journey);
  }

  async analyzeJourneyPerformance(
    journeyType: string,
    dateRange: DateRange
  ): Promise<JourneyAnalytics> {
    const journeys = await this.getJourneys(journeyType, dateRange);
    
    const stepConversionRates = this.calculateStepConversions(journeys);
    const dropOffPoints = this.identifyDropOffPoints(journeys);
    const timeToComplete = this.calculateCompletionTimes(journeys);
    
    return {
      totalJourneys: journeys.length,
      completionRate: journeys.filter(j => j.outcome === 'completed').length / journeys.length,
      stepConversionRates,
      dropOffPoints,
      averageTimeToComplete: timeToComplete.average,
      medianTimeToComplete: timeToComplete.median,
      recommendations: this.generateJourneyOptimizations(stepConversionRates, dropOffPoints)
    };
  }

  private generateJourneyOptimizations(
    conversionRates: Record<number, number>,
    dropOffPoints: DropOffAnalysis[]
  ): JourneyOptimization[] {
    const optimizations: JourneyOptimization[] = [];
    
    // Schritte mit niedrigen Konversionsraten finden
    Object.entries(conversionRates).forEach(([step, rate]) => {
      if (rate &lt;0.7) { // Weniger als 70% Konversion
        optimizations.push({
          stepNumber: parseInt(step),
          type: 'low_conversion',
          currentRate: rate,
          suggestions: [
            'Erforderliche Aktion vereinfachen',
            'Klarheit des Notification-Texts verbessern',
            'Fortschrittsindikatoren hinzufügen',
            'Kontextuelle Hilfe bereitstellen'
          ]
        });
      }
    });
    
    // Hauptabbruchpunkte analysieren
    dropOffPoints.forEach(dropOff => {
      if (dropOff.dropOffRate > 0.3) { // Mehr als 30% Abbruch
        optimizations.push({
          stepNumber: dropOff.stepNumber,
          type: 'high_dropoff',
          currentRate: 1 - dropOff.dropOffRate,
          suggestions: [
            'Notification-Timing überprüfen',
            'Nachrichtenrelevanz prüfen', 
            'Verschiedene Call-to-Action-Phrasen testen',
            'Schritt in kleinere Aktionen aufteilen erwägen'
          ]
        });
      }
    });
    
    return optimizations;
  }
}

interface NotificationExperiment {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  type: ExperimentType; // 'subject_line', 'timing', 'content', 'frequency', 'channel'
  status: ExperimentStatus;
  hypothesis: string;
  variants: ExperimentVariant[];
  targetAudience: AudienceDefinition;
  trafficAllocation: number; // Prozent der berechtigten Benutzer
  primaryMetric: string;
  secondaryMetrics: string[];
  minimumDetectableEffect: number;
  significanceLevel: number;
  powerLevel: number;
  startDate: Date;
  endDate?: Date;
  results?: ExperimentResults;
}

class NotificationExperimentManager {
  private statisticalEngine: StatisticalEngine;
  private userSegmenter: UserSegmenter;
  private safetyMonitor: SafetyMonitor;

  async createExperiment(
    experimentConfig: ExperimentConfig
  ): Promise<NotificationExperiment> {
    // Erforderliche Stichprobengröße berechnen
    const sampleSize = this.statisticalEngine.calculateSampleSize(
      experimentConfig.minimumDetectableEffect,
      experimentConfig.significanceLevel,
      experimentConfig.powerLevel,
      experimentConfig.baselineConversionRate
    );
    
    // Experimentsicherheit validieren
    const safetyCheck = await this.safetyMonitor.validateExperiment(experimentConfig);
    if (!safetyCheck.isSafe) {
      throw new Error(`Experiment failed safety check: ${safetyCheck.reasons.join(', ')}`);
    }
    
    // Benutzersegmentierung einrichten
    const audience = await this.userSegmenter.defineAudience(
      experimentConfig.targetCriteria,
      sampleSize
    );
    
    const experiment: NotificationExperiment = {
      id: this.generateExperimentId(),
      name: experimentConfig.name,
      type: experimentConfig.type,
      status: 'draft',
      hypothesis: experimentConfig.hypothesis,
      variants: experimentConfig.variants,
      targetAudience: audience,
      trafficAllocation: experimentConfig.trafficAllocation,
      primaryMetric: experimentConfig.primaryMetric,
      secondaryMetrics: experimentConfig.secondaryMetrics,
      minimumDetectableEffect: experimentConfig.minimumDetectableEffect,
      significanceLevel: experimentConfig.significanceLevel,
      powerLevel: experimentConfig.powerLevel,
      startDate: experimentConfig.startDate
    };
    
    await this.saveExperiment(experiment);
    return experiment;
  }

  async assignUserToExperiment(
    userId: string,
    experimentId: string
  ): Promise<ExperimentAssignment> {
    const experiment = await this.getExperiment(experimentId);
    
    if (experiment.status !== 'running') {
      return { variant: 'control', reason: 'experiment_not_running' };
    }
    
    // Prüfen, ob Benutzer in Zielgruppe ist
    const isEligible = await this.userSegmenter.isUserEligible(
      userId,
      experiment.targetAudience
    );
    
    if (!isEligible) {
      return { variant: 'control', reason: 'not_in_target_audience' };
    }
    
    // Traffic-Zuteilung prüfen
    const userHash = this.hashUserId(userId, experiment.id);
    const trafficBucket = userHash % 100;
    
    if (trafficBucket >= experiment.trafficAllocation) {
      return { variant: 'control', reason: 'traffic_allocation' };
    }
    
    // Zu Variante basierend auf Hash zuweisen
    const variantIndex = Math.floor(
      (userHash / 100) * experiment.variants.length
    );
    const assignedVariant = experiment.variants[variantIndex];
    
    // Zuweisung für Konsistenz speichern
    await this.storeUserAssignment(userId, experimentId, assignedVariant.id);
    
    return {
      variant: assignedVariant.id,
      experimentId,
      assignedAt: new Date()
    };
  }

  async analyzeExperimentResults(
    experimentId: string
  ): Promise<ExperimentAnalysis> {
    const experiment = await this.getExperiment(experimentId);
    const rawData = await this.getExperimentData(experimentId);
    
    // Statistische Signifikanztests
    const primaryResults = await this.statisticalEngine.performTest(
      rawData,
      experiment.primaryMetric,
      experiment.significanceLevel
    );
    
    // Sekundärmetrikanalyse
    const secondaryResults = await Promise.all(
      experiment.secondaryMetrics.map(metric =>
        this.statisticalEngine.performTest(rawData, metric, 0.05)
      )
    );
    
    // Effektgrößenberechnung
    const effectSize = this.statisticalEngine.calculateEffectSize(
      primaryResults,
      experiment.minimumDetectableEffect
    );
    
    // Geschäftsauswirkungsschätzung
    const businessImpact = await this.estimateBusinessImpact(
      primaryResults,
      experiment
    );
    
    return {
      experiment,
      primaryResults,
      secondaryResults,
      effectSize,
      businessImpact,
      recommendation: this.generateRecommendation(
        primaryResults,
        secondaryResults,
        businessImpact
      ),
      confidenceLevel: primaryResults.confidenceLevel
    };
  }
}

class ExperimentSafetyMonitor {
  private alerting: AlertingService;
  private metrics: MetricsService;

  async monitorExperimentSafety(experimentId: string): Promise<SafetyStatus> {
    const experiment = await this.getExperiment(experimentId);
    const safetyChecks = await Promise.all([
      this.checkDeliveryRates(experiment),
      this.checkEngagementMetrics(experiment),
      this.checkUserComplaintsRate(experiment),
      this.checkBusinessMetricImpact(experiment),
      this.checkSystemPerformance(experiment)
    ]);
    
    const criticalIssues = safetyChecks.filter(check => check.severity === 'critical');
    const warnings = safetyChecks.filter(check => check.severity === 'warning');
    
    if (criticalIssues.length > 0) {
      await this.triggerExperimentPause(experimentId, criticalIssues);
      await this.alerting.sendCriticalAlert({
        type: 'experiment_safety_violation',
        experimentId,
        issues: criticalIssues
      });
    }
    
    return {
      status: criticalIssues.length > 0 ? 'critical' : 
              warnings.length > 0 ? 'warning' : 'healthy',
      checks: safetyChecks,
      lastChecked: new Date()
    };
  }

  private async checkDeliveryRates(experiment: NotificationExperiment): Promise<SafetyCheck> {
    const deliveryRates = await this.getVariantDeliveryRates(experiment.id);
    
    for (const [variantId, rate] of Object.entries(deliveryRates)) {
      if (rate &lt;0.90) { // Weniger als 90% Zustellungsrate
        return {
          checkType: 'delivery_rate',
          severity: 'critical',
          message: `Variante ${variantId} hat Zustellungsrate von ${rate * 100}%`,
          threshold: 0.90,
          actualValue: rate,
          recommendation: 'Experiment pausieren und Zustellungsprobleme untersuchen'
        };
      }
    }
    
    return {
      checkType: 'delivery_rate',
      severity: 'healthy',
      message: 'Alle Varianten haben akzeptable Zustellungsraten'
    };
  }

  private async checkUserComplaintsRate(experiment: NotificationExperiment): Promise<SafetyCheck> {
    const complaintRates = await this.getVariantComplaintRates(experiment.id);
    
    for (const [variantId, rate] of Object.entries(complaintRates)) {
      if (rate > 0.01) { // Mehr als 1% Beschwerderate
        return {
          checkType: 'user_complaints',
          severity: 'critical',
          message: `Variante ${variantId} hat Beschwerderate von ${rate * 100}%`,
          threshold: 0.01,
          actualValue: rate,
          recommendation: 'Experiment sofort pausieren - hohe Beschwerderate zeigt schlechte Benutzererfahrung an'
        };
      }
    }
    
    return {
      checkType: 'user_complaints', 
      severity: 'healthy',
      message: 'Beschwerderaten im akzeptablen Bereich'
    };
  }

  private async triggerExperimentPause(
    experimentId: string,
    reasons: SafetyCheck[]
  ): Promise<void> {
    await this.updateExperimentStatus(experimentId, 'paused_for_safety');
    
    // Pausengrund protokollieren
    await this.logExperimentEvent(experimentId, {
      type: 'safety_pause',
      timestamp: new Date(),
      reasons: reasons.map(r => r.message),
      autoResumeEligible: reasons.every(r => r.severity === 'warning')
    });
    
    // Experimentinhaber benachrichtigen
    await this.notifyExperimentOwners(experimentId, reasons);
  }
}

class OptimizedTemplateRenderer {
  private templateCache: LRUCache<string, CompiledTemplate>;
  private dataPreloader: DataPreloader;
  private renderPool: WorkerPool;

  constructor() {
    this.templateCache = new LRUCache({ max: 1000, ttl: 1000 * 60 * 60 }); // 1 Stunde
    this.renderPool = new WorkerPool({
      size: 10,
      taskTimeout: 5000
    });
  }

  async renderTemplate(
    templateId: string,
    userData: any,
    notificationData: any
  ): Promise<RenderedContent> {
    // Kompilierten Template-Cache verwenden
    let template = this.templateCache.get(templateId);
    
    if (!template) {
      const templateSource = await this.getTemplateSource(templateId);
      template = await this.compileTemplate(templateSource);
      this.templateCache.set(templateId, template);
    }
    
    // Häufig benötigte Daten vorladen, um N+1-Abfragen zu verhindern
    const preloadedData = await this.dataPreloader.preloadForTemplate(
      template.requiredData,
      userData.userId
    );
    
    const renderContext = {
      ...userData,
      ...notificationData,
      ...preloadedData
    };
    
    // Worker-Pool für CPU-intensives Rendering verwenden
    const renderTask = {
      templateId,
      template: template.compiled,
      context: renderContext
    };
    
    try {
      const result = await this.renderPool.execute(renderTask);
      
      // Rendering-Performance verfolgen
      await this.trackRenderingMetrics(templateId, result.renderTime, true);
      
      return result.content;
    } catch (error) {
      await this.trackRenderingMetrics(templateId, 0, false);
      
      // Fallback zu einfachem Template
      return await this.renderFallbackTemplate(templateId, renderContext);
    }
  }
}

class DataPreloader {
  private queryBatcher: QueryBatcher;
  private dataCache: Cache;

  async preloadForTemplate(
    requiredData: string[],
    userId: string
  ): Promise<Record<string, any>> {
    const preloadPromises: Promise<any>[] = [];
    const preloadedData: Record<string, any> = {};
    
    if (requiredData.includes('user_projects')) {
      preloadPromises.push(
        this.queryBatcher.batch('user_projects', userId)
          .then(data => preloadedData.projects = data)
      );
    }
    
    if (requiredData.includes('user_activities')) {
      preloadPromises.push(
        this.queryBatcher.batch('user_activities', userId)
          .then(data => preloadedData.recentActivities = data)
      );
    }
    
    if (requiredData.includes('user_settings')) {
      preloadPromises.push(
        this.queryBatcher.batch('user_settings', userId)
          .then(data => preloadedData.settings = data)
      );
    }
    
    await Promise.all(preloadPromises);
    return preloadedData;
  }
}

class QueryBatcher {
  private batches: Map<string, BatchQuery> = new Map();
  private batchTimeout = 50; // 50ms Batch-Fenster
  
  async batch<T>(queryType: string, param: any): Promise<T> {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (!this.batches.has(queryType)) {
        this.batches.set(queryType, {
          params: [],
          promises: [],
          timeoutId: setTimeout(() => this.executeBatch(queryType), this.batchTimeout)
        });
      }
      
      const batch = this.batches.get(queryType)!;
      batch.params.push(param);
      batch.promises.push({ resolve, reject });
    });
  }
  
  private async executeBatch(queryType: string): Promise<void> {
    const batch = this.batches.get(queryType);
    if (!batch) return;
    
    this.batches.delete(queryType);
    clearTimeout(batch.timeoutId);
    
    try {
      const results = await this.executeQuery(queryType, batch.params);
      
      batch.promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
        promise.resolve(results[index]);
      });
    } catch (error) {
      batch.promises.forEach(promise => {
        promise.reject(error);
      });
    }
  }
}

class CostOptimizedNotificationSystem {
  private costTracker: CostTracker;
  private resourceAllocator: ResourceAllocator;

  async processNotificationWithCostOptimization(
    notification: NotificationEvent
  ): Promise<void> {
    const costAnalysis = await this.analyzeCost(notification);
    
    // Verarbeitungsstrategie basierend auf Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis wählen
    if (costAnalysis.highValue && costAnalysis.lowCost) {
      // Premium-Verarbeitung für hochwertige, kostengünstige Notifications
      await this.processPremium(notification);
    } else if (costAnalysis.highValue && costAnalysis.highCost) {
      // Optimierte Verarbeitung für hochwertige, kostspielige Notifications
      await this.processOptimized(notification);
    } else if (costAnalysis.lowValue && costAnalysis.lowCost) {
      // Batch-Verarbeitung für geringwertige, kostengünstige Notifications
      await this.queueForBatchProcessing(notification);
    } else {
      // Bewerten, ob Notification überhaupt gesendet werden sollte
      const shouldSend = await this.evaluateROI(notification, costAnalysis);
      if (shouldSend) {
        await this.processEconomical(notification);
      }
    }
  }

  private async analyzeCost(notification: NotificationEvent): Promise<CostAnalysis> {
    const channels = await this.getTargetChannels(notification.userId, notification.type);
    
    let totalCost = 0;
    let estimatedValue = 0;
    
    for (const channel of channels) {
      const channelCost = await this.costTracker.getChannelCost(channel);
      const channelValue = await this.estimateChannelValue(notification, channel);
      
      totalCost += channelCost;
      estimatedValue += channelValue;
    }
    
    return {
      totalCost,
      estimatedValue,
      roi: estimatedValue / totalCost,
      highValue: estimatedValue > 5.0, // $5 geschätzter Wert
      lowCost: totalCost &lt;0.10,       // 10 Cent
      highCost: totalCost > 1.0        // $1
    };
  }

  private async evaluateROI(
    notification: NotificationEvent,
    costAnalysis: CostAnalysis
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    // Notifications mit negativem ROI nicht senden
    if (costAnalysis.roi &lt;1.0) {
      await this.trackSkippedNotification(notification, 'negative_roi');
      return false;
    }
    
    // Bei marginalem ROI Benutzer-Engagement-Historie berücksichtigen
    if (costAnalysis.roi &lt;1.5) {
      const userEngagement = await this.getUserEngagementScore(notification.userId);
      if (userEngagement &lt;0.1) { // Sehr geringes Engagement
        await this.trackSkippedNotification(notification, 'low_engagement_roi');
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    return true;
  }
}